Below Knee Amputation - Procedure, Rehabilitation, and Prosthetic Options

Below Knee Amputation - Procedure, Rehabilitation, and Prosthetic Options

Introduction:

Below knee amputation is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the leg below the knee joint. It is typically performed to address severe injury or disease that affects the lower leg and cannot be treated through other means.

This article provides an overview of below knee amputation, including the reasons for amputation, the surgical procedure involved, the importance of rehabilitation, and the available prosthetic options for individuals undergoing below knee amputation.

Understanding Below Knee Amputation and the Reasons for Amputation:

Below knee amputation is a major surgical procedure that involves the removal of the leg below the knee joint. It is typically performed due to the following reasons:

Traumatic Injuries: Severe traumatic injuries, such as crush injuries, severe fractures, or extensive tissue damage, may require below knee amputation if the affected leg cannot be salvaged or successfully reconstructed.

Peripheral Vascular Disease: Advanced peripheral vascular disease, characterized by inadequate blood flow to the lower leg, can lead to non-healing wounds, gangrene, or severe infections that necessitate below knee amputation to prevent further complications.

Cancerous Tumors: In cases where cancerous tumors affect the bones or soft tissues of the lower leg, below knee amputation may be necessary to remove the affected area and prevent the spread of cancer.

The Below Knee Amputation Procedure:

The below knee amputation procedure involves several steps:

Anesthesia: The individual undergoing amputation is placed under general anesthesia to ensure they are unconscious and do not experience any pain during the surgery.

Incision and Bone Removal: An incision is made below the knee, and the surgeon carefully removes the bone in the lower leg, creating a clean amputation site.

Soft Tissue Closure: After the bone removal, the surgeon closes and sutures the remaining soft tissues, ensuring proper wound closure and minimizing the risk of infection.

Dressing and Compression: The surgical site is dressed, and a compression bandage or prosthetic sock may be applied to promote healing and reduce swelling.

Rehabilitation After Below Knee Amputation:

Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the recovery process after below knee amputation. It involves several key components:

Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is essential to regain strength, mobility, and balance. It includes exercises and techniques to improve muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination. The goal is to enhance overall functional abilities and adapt to the use of a prosthetic limb.

Prosthetic Evaluation and Fitting: Following wound healing, the individual undergoes a prosthetic evaluation to determine the most suitable prosthetic option. The prosthetic limb is then custom-fitted to ensure optimal comfort, stability, and functionality.

Prosthetic Training: Once the prosthetic limb is fitted, the individual undergoes training to learn how to use and control the prosthetic limb effectively. This includes learning to walk, climb stairs, and perform various daily activities.

Psychological Support: Adjusting to life after below knee amputation can be challenging emotionally and psychologically. Counseling, support groups, and peer mentoring can provide invaluable support and guidance during this adjustment period.

Prosthetic Options for Below Knee Amputation:

Advancements in prosthetic technology have led to a wide range of options for individuals with below knee amputations. Some of the common prosthetic options include:

Below Knee Prosthetic Leg: This type of prosthetic limb is designed specifically for below knee amputees. It consists of a socket, shin component, foot, and ankle mechanism, which mimic the function of a natural leg.

Microprocessor-controlled Prosthetic Leg: These advanced prosthetic legs incorporate microprocessor technology to provide enhanced control, stability, and adaptability. They can adjust to different walking speeds, terrains, and offer improved functionality and comfort.

Energy-Storing Prosthetic Feet: These prosthetic feet are designed to store and release energy during walking, providing a more efficient and natural gait.

Conclusion:

Below knee amputation is a surgical procedure performed for severe injuries, peripheral vascular disease, or cancerous tumors affecting the lower leg.

The procedure involves the removal of the leg below the knee joint under general anesthesia.

Rehabilitation, including physical therapy, prosthetic evaluation and fitting, prosthetic training, and psychological support, is crucial for a successful recovery.

Advancements in prosthetic technology offer a range of options for individuals with below knee amputations, providing improved functionality and quality of life. With proper rehabilitation and the use of appropriate prosthetic limbs, individuals can regain mobility and lead fulfilling lives after below knee amputation.